Salvage apparatus.



J. D. HILLIARD` SALVAGE APPARATUS.

APPLICATION FILED `IIJLY2I, IQIo. IIEIIIawEo sIiPT` z.

l9| 7. PatentedApr. r9, 1918.

4 SHEETS-SHEET I.

,wml I I Inu/ I- t I I I Il Ill fwn; I I, I

I. D. HILLARD.

SALV'AGE APPARATUS.

APPLICATION FILED IuLv 21, 1910. IIENEWED SEPT. I. Is'II.

PatenwdApr@ 9, 1918.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

J. D. HILLIARD.

sALvAGE APPARATUS.

APPLICATION FILED JULYZI, |910. RENEWED SEPT 7. |917.

Patented Apr. 9,1918.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

{ffv TJ@ @Kim/@15666:

J. D. HILLIARD SAL'VAGE APPARATUS. APPLICATION FILED JuLYzl, 1910. nENEy/ED SEPT` 7. |911.

1,262,341 Patented Apr. 9, 1918.

' 4 SHEETS-SHEET 4..

UNrrED sTATEsfrATENT OFFICE.

JOHN rp. vri-irimani3,' or Grains rariiisfiinwjronx.

jsALvAGE ArrARATUs.

Application filed July 21, 1910, Serial No. 573,096.

To all whom, t may concern:

,Bc it known tliatl, Jol-1N D. HILLIARD, a Vcitizen of the United States, residing-at Glens Falls, in the county of Warren and vState of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Salvage Apparatus, of which the following is a specihcation, reference beinghad therem to the accompanying drawing.

' My invention relates to apparatus for and methods of penetrating and extending mechanical connections through media which in part or in-whole-are not directly accessible, and is particularly applicable to the salvage of sunken vessels, the recovery of which constitutes its primary objectl Briefly stated, the apparatus comprises a self-propelled electromagneticwheeled pilot carrying an air ory water blast, a drag or f followeralso equipped with air or water blast, but not self-propelled, auxiliary apparatus for controlling the pilot andthe drag, and for supplying pressure to the'blasts, and finally certain buoyant bodies adapted for I attachment to a submerged.' hull by slings placed in position bythe pilot or the drag, or both.- The method of operation depends upon the utilization of electromagnetism in l the wheels or body of the pilot to secure adhesion to a hull or other magnetic body, electric lor hydraulic energyV for propelling .the pilot, and an air or water blast for clearing away obstructions during its progress.

' As applied particularly to the raising of third the attachment of water-lilled floats orj caissons; and fourth the introduction of air under pressure to said floats or caissons sosunken iron vessels, my method contemplates firstl the passing of a vdrag rope or sling around the hull by means of the self-propelled pilot, which passes around one side of the hulll beneath the keel and up the other side, the mud, gravel and other 4obstructions being cleared as the pilot progresses by means of the blast; secondl the passage of other slings `around the hull by means of the drag;

as to expel the water therefrom' and produce the buoyancy 'necessary to Iraise the hull. VItis to be understood ofcourse that the electromagnetic pilot is only elfective whenV 'used on vessels having hulls-fof magneticl material suchas iron. The 'lloats are preferablyso proportioned that their 'lifting efv fect is somewhat less than the totalweight' of the hull submerged, so-*that it'wlll not be possible forthe latter to i Specification of Letters 'Patent ascendl on tlierun,l

Patented Apr. 9, 1918.

Renewed September 7, 1917. Serial No. 190,274.

and Il furnish" the supplemental lifting power ,from a vessel on the surface of the water.v l l Myyinvention is illustrated in the accompanying drawings in whichj- Figure lis a plan view partly in section of my electromagnetic pilot.

. Fig. 2 is a transverse section on the line .2f-2 of Fig. l.

Fig. 3 is a sectional view of the drag carrying one sling S and drag rope f and yabout to. b e propelled through the water on a previously applied sling S bythe drag rope f, the water line being inverted.

.- lFig. e is a diagrammatic view showing the progress of vthe pilot around a.l sub- .merged hull partly buried under mud and p silt. 4

Fig. 5 is a similar view showing the slings in position and the lioats on the surface of the 'water prior to being sunk.

Fig. 6 is a similar diagram showing the floats locked in' their finall position.

Fig. 7 is a' diagram showing in outline a vhulk being encircled with slings, the second sling being drawn into the-position by means of the. drag traveling-'on the first one.

Before proceeding to a specific and dci tailed description of the apparatus, the system and method maybe 'generally' stated as follows, reference being had to the drawings: f l

.-Figs. l and vQshow the pilot, whichlmay also call a self-propelled or traveling electromagnet. Its function, as already stated,

. the hos'efm'ay be omitted, and an electricv motor inclosed inthe casing for driving purposes, geared so as'not only-to turn the magnetized wheels, but' also to work va pump and create a blast yaround the casing to yclear away obstructions from ,the path Voffits Fig. 4t showsin dottedlines the` progress of the pilot around a submerged hull. lt is rstlowered on a straight'line as `indicated at P0, and by means of the position indicator to be described, the operator knows that it 1s swinging. vertically. As it passes around into the successive positions P, P2 and P3,

the position indicator shows the operator caissons C, C are first fastened to theslings S and S at the surface ofthe water, on opposite sidesof the hulk, and the slings are `passed through dogs D and D', the former jof which is clamped onto the sling S, and

has a one way grip engaging the sling S, while the latter, D, is 'clamped to the sling S and engages the sling S with its one way grip. The slings S and S are drawn up as the floats C and C are submerged, so that in the position shown-in Fig. 6, the dogs lie on opposite sides of the hull, binding the two floats together as by a single sling, which however is doubled, as it should be, at the point 'u where it receives the thrust of the keel. The floats C and C are provided with cushions or fenders B, B', to protect both the hull and the floats from injury by distributing' the pressure between them. Y

The general functions of the parts being now understood, F lgs. l and 2 may be spe.- ciiically described. The pilot il) tonsists essentially of metal casing (preferably nonmagnetic) marked p', rectangular in plan,

and invcross section shaped substantiallylike the letter B, with a pair of 'iron axles Vor shafts p2, p3 extending through it from side to side and capable of being polarized by their respective magnetizing windings p50, 2960, each carrying at its opposite ends a pair of iron wheelspf, p5 which thus constitute the pole pieces of an clectromagnet. These wheels, as shown in Fig. 2, are somewhat larger in diameter than the casing, so that the latter will clear the surface upon which they travel..

Extending through the casing from end to end is the tube y), constituting a continuation for operative vpurposes of the pressurevhose H, which is secured upon the protruding outer end of the tube by-.a coupling la The tube 79 is provided with a gate valve p15, by which it may be closed and all the pressure vdiverted thiough two lateral tubes p6 `and p7, to the runners p8, plfof the water motor whoseshaft p10 carries a pair of worms p11 and p12 engaging the worin Wheels p13 and p14 secured'to the rotary a-Xles or shafts serving as magnet cores.

p2 `and p3. The tubes p6 and p7 are alternately closed by means of gate valves p1 and p20,

which in turn areicontrolled by a piston working in a hydraulic cylinder p21 with controlling tubes p22, jpg leading to ports at opposite ends of the cylinder. The valve p1" in the main tube p is similarly controlled by a piston .working ina hydraulic cylinder p1, controlled through ports in its opposite ends which communicate` with tubes pli, 2918. Obviously, with, pressure in the tube p. from the hose H, the hydraulic engine for turning the wheels ptand pfginaybe started, stopped, reverserh, and `otherwise controlled at will,

`and the-.blast started or stoppedr as well,

by opening for; closing and thereby .admitting pressure ztoror excluding it`r from the respective control tubes p17, p18, p22 and4 p23. This opening land-.closing Imay be accomplished lby carrying `these tubes themselves through the cable heretofore mentioned, and along with the hose H, to the surfacefof the water, or they may vhe controlled locally in the casing pby suitable electron'iagnets, and the circuits ofthese magnets can then be carried up througlrthe cable and at the other end thereof joined to contacts in one or more switches, so that by simply turning the switches to register with the proper indication cForwarch Reverse, Blast, Cut-oth7 the respective koperations will be automatically performed.

ln order that the operator may be kept apprised of the approximate klocation .of the pilot, as shownv at 130,1, P2, Pain Fig. Al, I provide a position indicator', .preferably with'a hand floating over four electromagnets, by any one of which it lmay be attracted so as to point to the four indications Descending, 'lurning, Horizontal, Ascending Of course these designations are arbitrary, both in number and in character, and may be made anything desired without affecting the invention. The wiresfrom'the four electromagnets of the indicator are carried through the Vcable to the pilot casing, wherein'lmount a sensi tive controller operated by gravity,'which is designatedby the letter Q in Fig. 2. llt comprises an exhausted cylinder orsphere (the exhaustion however not being imperative) `containing a small-quantity `of mercury and havingfour contact terminals eX- tended rthrough lits walls, these beingV connected to the yfour indicator wires respec- -ftively, in such fashion that as the pilot tilts sphere itself, the terminals lin such kcase being properly vinsulated therefrom by glass,.niica ,or other suitable bushings.

' 'The machine thus described,-while electromagnetic in its means of guidance by adhei pressure is 'raised sufiiciently.

' around 'the triangle. Vate'r 'under'pressure composed of tubes'y t, t yandz,"Witlf'i' external can however make it electric in' every sense,

`as alread 'su' vested b"f"ins'erti1i0 an' electric motor in the casing in 'place'of thermi-v ners p8 and p", the motor 'being suitablyconnected so that/ the direction of rotation of its armaturemay be reversed at will, and both Worm Wheelsfpl, plfthereby caused toreverse the direction of rot'ation'of Ithevdrii'fi'no' Wheels '294, 72? on their' respective'sha'fts." 0 course with suoli an;arrangement',the'valves p19V and ';b2 become superfluous, being'replaced by,l controller contacts at the" other end of the Cable. `The valve 'p15' however is lof use in partially or lwholly cutting off the blast from the main tubep, and diverting it into lateral channels, ivith any'form of motor. It should'b'e notedthat 'the' casing has outlets'or' exhaust openings such as'p24 inFig. 2, from vv'hichthe ivat'er escapes'after passing' the runners p3, '109,' u'nder suchp'res sure as ma be v'redetermined'inthe desin .Y e

of the motor, and in' conjunction',i'v'i'thv the direct blast through the tube vclears yaway sand, gravel, mud, silt and other obstructioin even sinall'stones yielding -as a rule when the Referring noiv to'Fig. I3,'the drag or follower, Which I may also'call a mechanical sling placer, is 1n the form of `a triangle T,

blast nozzles t3, t* and Z5,"and' internal nozzles t, leach' of these having 'tivin vopenings pointed in; opposite' directions' eXcept" 3, which` hasthree'openings, 'so'as to' clear a path in advance of the' member aswell 'as is introduced into'the' tubesthroug'h'ahy- Vdraulic supply pipe connected With the hose H, vand causes simultaneous blasts through all the' nozzles as'long as 'the `pres/sure is v guide tubes clear' of 'mud 'it-HC1 the like', ,t0

.'Hoat, preferably 'iilled'-ivith "air, indicated 55.,

vided, 'and into these jetsfar'e alsothrown v from the tubes' 't' andi throughopenings' t7 and zig, the purpose of Which'i'sA to keep' the permit the' free vpassage l of 'the' ychain cable vsurface'o'f the' hull. f is'a 'drag'ropepthe" end of which is attachedto an 'elongated at F, in 4. `Aftei' the pilothasfreachedll an advanced position, for 'example'that through'Whic'zh'itv pulls the `rope'f,"by virtue through the'ho'se,." lVhen'fthe'float reaches 'i 'ancy 'will 'carry 'it' to' 'the surface of the l"vi/' a-l fer, araggegtherepe behind a, aeinaicad by the dotted line 'in Fig. 4. 4The pilot may 'then b'e 'Withdraivnfif 'desired'. -The 'first cable or sling Sis then bentonto abight in the rope f,"and'byhauling on the' float end of the latter, the cable'is pulled through into position, While the continuouslength "of the rope f accompanies it'. The'relation "of the drag,"sling S", and' drag rope f ywhen p' about to'be' propelled throughthe `Water on the previously'applied sling'S by `the drag rope 7"', is' shown in Fig. f3, Where the dotted line at'the top of the gure yrepresents Y thelsurface of -theWater intol which the next rope 7" and cable S" are'about to be dravvnlv 'as indicated'bythe arrows'. This Waterline appears at' the top becauseV thel figurel istinver'ted. 'f It' should'not beconfused With-the *ivater line ofFig. 4 Which is not inverted 'b'ut'is nia separate figure'. `The samefgen- -er'al'idea.isrepresented also-1n Fig. 7. By

draiving'on'thejrope 7, the dra'gT Will'travel on vthe cable S,"`dravving with' it a'second 'cable lSi and a second rope f", which are thus carried around beneathft'he hull-'at' al fixedv "distance from "andparallel to the Iirstsling orcable S. kWhen theidragreaches'the sur- 'face of the iv'aterl attheoppositesi'de of the hull from' which itv entered, as for example at -the pointr ai in Fig. 4, itl is 'detached from 'thefchain cables Sand S and theropes]c 'and f", and ispla'ced in-position on thel first side of; the hull With 'the-y cable' S""p'as'sing through" thej guidetubes t9 1andjtl?, 'and the rope f" fastened totheu'pper 'end 'of-'the trilfa'ngle in place of the rope f,b`ut' in thesame relation shown .in 'Fjigp 3,' 'after-Which vby "drawing upon .the rope'if, the-drag T'-A can again 'be` pulled dovvn beneath the' hull :and up` on the oppositev side, using 'thejcable"S"' as a' guide, and-"carrying with 'it -a' third 'ca- "ble" and l third fdrag l rope; This" operation may be repeated" as' many' times 'as desired,

'until aseries'oflparallelslings orzcables S,

j, etc.,"ha`ve`"been 'passedjbeneathl'thehull froniboiv to stern, 0`r 'throughout any deserved' ytha'teac'zh 'chain cablel'when. drawn be found sufficiently c'lear' 'from' :thel follow- 'ing statement* of operation;

iV Referring to Fig. i, H,X indie-meule 'pilot 4 i v l "cable'to' Which reference has" been Lmade,

shown atl P3' in Fig(- 4, the' float F is'insertedf ,in the upper end 'of the do'u'iriivardly' extend- .l

l `ing hose V, H, into Wli'ichfit is Adraivi'i, and` :j

' of the vi'mp'elling' force'of thestrearn' ofx'water' containing the" hose '2l-I, the Vp'nei'iin'atifc tubes y.or Wiresv asthecase might 'be' for the -motor lValves '20171, p18, p22 '772,3` i'nFig.' 1,!the` Wires for'the `electromagr'iets'"in"Ythe same figure,

motor, circuit wires will be required for this,

instead of the pneumatic or hydraulic tubes for control. It should also be stated that l can dispense with the separate control wires Vor pressure tubes for the motor entirely.

The pilotis lowered from the surface of the water until it strikes the side of the hull as shown in Fig-` 1, the water blast turned on, and the lowering continued so that the wheels will take ho-ld and commence' to exert Va pull on the cable. `When this happens the cable is payed out and the pilot is permitted to travel downward until it begins to turn under the bends of the hull, when the cable is swung out as indicated by the dotted lines PIX, vso as to ,prevent undue dragging resistance. The pilot then travels into the successive positions P0, P, P2 and P3 each of whichis announced to the operator by his position indicator. The magnet cores and rotating polar wheels are kept highly magnetized, so as to afford sufficient adhesive power to enable the pilot to cross all such obstructions as bilge keels and the like.

The position P3 having been reached, the float F is introduced into the hose H by the operator, with the line 7 attached to it, and while the pilot remains adherent and `in fixed-position, the iioat is driven through the hose and through the pipe p in the pilot, emerging by its own buoyancy as shown at F in Fig. 4, ata point on the surface of the water separated from its point of entrance by the beam or width of the hull.

Having recovered the float F, the operator finds himself with a line around the hull, the current is then cut off from the magnets in the pilot, or the motor may be reversed by dropping the pressure as already stated, or otherwise, and the pilot is drawn backward and finally after passing through the successive positions P2 P P0 is raised to the surface of the water at its .point of entrance, leaving the line in position.

The line 7 is then bent onto the end of the cable S preferably leaving sufficient trail rope behind the bend to parallel the cable, for-.attachment to the drag T as shown in Fig. After the line and slingS are drawn through, the` operator has one sling or chain cable and the drag rope around the hull. .The'trail portion ofthe rope is then bent y ontothe drag.T.as shown in Fig. 3, and the guide tubes t9 and lo passed over the end-of the cable Sr andthe lattersecuredY so as to serve as a guide for the drag. The hose H being coupled up to the pump, and the second chain cable S and drag rope f being attached to the drag T as shown, tensionv 1s Y then placed onV the line 7, now detached from cable S, in the direction of the 'arrow in Fig. 3, and while the blasts from the several nozzles force away the surrounding material, the drag is hauled around the hull, carrying with it the second cable S spaced apart from the first cable sling by the length of the arm t" of the triangle, which may be made anything desired according to the character of the work and the number of slings required. 1t should be noted that in Fig. 3, as already stated, the drag, with the ropes f and f and the chain cables S and S', are shown in the position of entering the water, but inverted. rThis same figure however may be taken as illustrating the position of the parts when the drag leaves the water on the opposite side of the hull, also their position at all pointsin the journey around the hull. It. should also be noted that the hose or water pipe H indicated in Fig. 3 may or may not be the same hose H used with the pilot and shown in Figs. 1 and 2. The same designating letter is employed because the primary function of the hose in each case is practically the same.

This operation is repeated until as many slings are in position as desired, and the slings are then taken in pairs, and the opposite ends of each pair are secured as shown in Fig. 5 to the floats or caissons C and C respectively. As all the pairs are the same, the further operation will be understood by reference to the single pair shown in Figs. 5 and 6. Of these, the cable S carries a dog D, which is clamped upon it at a point contiguous to the float C, leaving enough slack between the dog and the float to prevent undue lateral strain in lifting. rlhe dog has a tubular portion through which the end of the other sling S is passed, retraction thereof being prevented by a jamming device of suitable character, such as a roller working on an inclined plane in the tube, an upwardly pointing pawl pivoted in the tube andspring pressed against the sling' cable, an upwardly rising cam, or the like.. A similar' dog D is clamped on the sling cable S', and receives the hauling end of the cable S.

Now, with all the pairs of cables connected in this way, the hauling ends Sh and Sh are brought inboard on the operating vessel and either manned, or attached to Winches for hauling up. The oats C and C are fitted with cocks and connected by pipes to air pumps on the operating vessel. IThe cocks are first opened, and the iioats are flooded, whereupon tension is put simultaneously on all the hauling parts and as the floats sink they are hauled down along the opposite sides of the hull, guided in their descent by the dogs traveling on the hauling parts, until they reach the position shown in Fig. 6. All that is necessary to retain this position is to slacken up the tension, when the dogs immediately lock, and the and the cocks being opened, air under pressure is forced into the floats and the waterexpelled there-V from, until full buoyancy is attained. The fenders B and B are preferably placed in position on the floats before they are sunk,

and prevent injury to the hull by distributing the .pressure under flotation.l f

As already stated, l prefer the lifting power of the floats C and C to be a little less than necessary to raise the hull, so that the latter will not come up with a run. It will be observed that further tension on the winches or by hand on the hauling parts of the cables Sh and S will no longer pull down the floats, because of their buoyancy, Ibut will be resisted and transferred tothe hull, so lthat double the lifting` power of the floats may be applied to the hull, which leaves an ample margin for control.

ln practice, l prefer to employ a pair of barges buoyed or moored ony opposite of the sunken hull, and operate from one to the other, the hull finally rising between them. The slings can then be attached on both sides to the barges and if the hull is tight, or can be made so, the water can be pumped out and suitable repairs proceeded with, or moved to any suitable location for the work in hand. l

The reason for preferring al surface auxiliary lift is this, that with an inflexible float, even if a portion of the water were left therein, the air pressure being constant, as soon as the hull commencedto rise the remaining water would be expelled by the air pressure in excess of the back pressure due to the lessening hydrostatic head. This could be controlled by leading theeXpelled water to the surface through a hose and controlling the outlet, but l prefer the method of absolute regulation by leaving a margin for the auxiliary lift.

lt will be observed that at every step in my method, the engineer in` charge has perfeet control, and by watching his indicators, can bring the hull to the surface without shock and without risk of losing a cable or straining any apparatus. As the hull approaches the surface, the pull on the submerged floats increases, and on the hauling parts decreases, until the surface of the water is reached, when the entire weight is carried by the submergedv oats.

To facilitate this'work' and give positive knowledge of what is being done onthe hull, it is my intention to use a cable sup-l ported, motor operated, pressure balanced,l

floats arev held in the position shown with the hull in a cable-formed cradle between them. The

air pumps are then started,

sides.

diving bell equipped with the necessary' l claim and desire to` secure by Lettersl Patent is-l l. A pilot device comprising a operated motor, propelling means driven by vthe motor, magnetizing coils for the propellingv means adapted when energized to polarize the same and thereby to produce adhesion thereof to the surface traveled over, and conductors for conveying energy in suitable form to the motor and to said magnetizing' coilsrespectively, and means for causing fluid jets toV clear a path for the pilot device, vsubstantially as described.

Q. A pilot device comprising a motor, propeiling wheels driven thereby, magnetizing windings for tliewheels adapted when energized to polarize the same and thereby to produce adhesion thereof to the surface traveled over, means for supplying energy to the motory and the windings respectively, and means for clearing a path for the pilot device, substantially as described. A pilot device` comprising a motor, a casing containing the same, propelling wheels mounted on the casing, magnetizing windings for the wheels carried within the casing' adapted when energized to polarize the wheels and thereby to produce adhesion thereof tothe surface traveled over, means connected with the casing for ysupplying energy to the motor and the windings respectively, and means for clearing 'a path for the pilot device, substantially as described.V l 4f. A lpilot device comprising a reversible motor, a casing containing the same, propelling wheelsl mounted on said casing, magnetizing coils for said wheels inclosed within the casing adapted when energized to polarize the wheels and thereby to produce adhesion thereof to the surface traveled over, means for supplying 'energy to the'motor and the magnet windings respectively, contio lliiigincaiisy for the motor, said supply and controlling means being extended to an operating pointremote from the pilot,-and meansfor causing fluid jets to clear a ypath for the pilot device, substantially as described. 'j v 5. A pilot device comprising a" motor, means Vfor .clearing a path for said device, a casing therefor, propelling wheels mounted on the casing andlcomposed of magnetic'material, magnet windings adaptedwhen energizedto magnetize the wheels, and a'cable attached to fthe' casing and adapted lto .be

drawn after 'the "pilot in its travel,- said .cabley containing means for conveying energy tof' the motor, means -for' conveying energy tothe magnet windings respectively, and

distant i eratcdpropelling wheels mounted on the casingyand connected to be driven by the motor, and a hose pipe attached to the cas` ing and adapted to4 be drawn after the pilot inf Iits travel, together with a source of supply, substantially as described.

7. A pilot `device comprising a hydraulic motor, a casingtherefor, hydraulically operated propelling wheels mounted on the casing and connected to be driven by the motor, and a hosepipe attached to the casing and 'adapted-to-be drawn afterthe pilot in its travel, together with a lsource of supply for the motor, and means for controlling thesame-at a pointfremote from the pilot, substantially as described.

8. An apparatus of the character described comprising an electromagnet adapted to runupon and cling to armagnetic surface, a distant controlled independently operating motorfor propelling the same over said surface, means .for supplying` energy to the magnet and to the propelling means respectively, and `means to reverse the propelling means, substantially as described.

9. In .salvagel apparatus, a `,distant controlledpilot, adrag-rope adapted to be placed Iin position by said pilot device,a sling cableadaptedto be drawn into place by said dragrope, a drag or cable placer adapted to travel 'along said slingcable, .and means for producing ,jets'or blasts inthe path of said cablezplacer, whereby an open space is maintained for.l the passage of cable after havingfbeenf cleared by the pilot.

10. A: salvage apparatus comprising a blast nozzle through which fluid under pressuremay-be appliedV to a bed upon .which a vesselrests so as to form a path thereunder, and an hydraulic motorA device supporting, directing, and. propelling said nozzlel along the. path which'y the blast of. the nozzle creates.

11. A` pilot devicecomprising a4 hollow casing `havingjet openings therein, together with means connectingthev casing with a source of fluid under pressure whereby fluid blasts are issued from .said ljet openings, and a distant controlled motor device supporting, directing, and propellingsaid casing, whereby f the apparatusis adapted to travel in the xpath cleared by the 4blasts from said'jet openings.

12. An i apparatus of the character de- -ffscribed comprising an electromagnetv adapted to Eroll :fupon Vand cling` to a magnetic surface, and a casing,surroundingsaid elecopies. ofthis `patent may. vbe .obtained for tromagnet andhaving et openings, together withy means to supply fluid `under pressure to/said casingk to create blasts from saldjet" openings.

13. A pilot device for salvage work, comprising a casing, a motor adapted to drive the pilot, a blast opening in the casing with means for supplying fluid under pressure thereto, and a float Yadapted to be forced to and lthrough the casing by the stream of fluid, substanti'allyY as described. 14. In salvage apparatus, a pilot with` a.

blast tube and vpressure hose, means to propel the same beneathv the hull of 'asunken vessel, and a float withv line attached adaptedto be forced through the hose and blast tube to carry-the line under and around said vessel, substantially as described.

15. An apparatus of the character de? scribed comprising an electromagnet 'having rotatable pole pieces adapting said magnet to clingto and run upon a magnetic surface, and means for rotating said pole pieces while the electromagnet is energized, whereby the apparatus may be propelled as a unit over any magnetic surface, together withy a fluid blast nozzle supported andI directed from said apparatus.

I 1G. An apparatus of vthe character described comprising a fluid blast nozzle, means for supplying pressure thereto to produce said blast, and a traveling self-propelling' subinarine vehicle device supporting and directing said nozzle, said nozzle adapted to clear a path Afor said self-propelled vehicle.

17. An apparatus of the character de-V scribed comprising a blast nozzle, together with means for supplying fluid pressure thereto to produce vsaid blast, and a selfpropelled .submarine vehicle supporting and directing saidv nozzle and providedk with means for holdingitself against the hull of a ship, said nozzle being adapted to clear a path for said vehicle whereby the latter may traverse the hull of a ship.

18. An apparatus of the character `described comprising a wheeled vehicle adaptedfor submarine use, magnetic traction devices acting through the wheels of'said vehicle to hold the same to a magnetic surface, and a blast nozzle supported and directed from the front of said vehicle, whereby a path maybe cleared and said vehicle 'may traverse the magnetic hull of a ship while clinging thereto. I Y f In testimony whereof I aliix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

Jol-IN n HILLIARD.

Witnesses;

MARY M.. RoBINsoN, HELEN F, FOLEY.

vle cents each, lay-addressing the Co'mmissioner 'of Patents, Washington, D; 0.2 

